The George Washington Quarter Dollar is one of the most recognizable coins in American currency. Its simple yet iconic design has been in circulation for decades. However, the history behind how this coin came to be is a tale filled with competitions, artistic talent, and strong opinions. This article will guide you through the fascinating journey of the Washington Quarter, from its design competition to its place in modern coin collecting.
The Design Competition for the Quarter Dollar
Back in 1932, the U.S. Treasury Department planned to create a new half-dollar coin in honor of George Washington’s 200th birthday. They teamed up with the Commission of Fine Arts and the Washington Bicentennial Commission to hold a contest. The competition called for artists to design the front (obverse) of this coin using a famous bust of Washington, created by the sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon, as inspiration.
Laura Gardin Fraser, a highly talented artist and the wife of sculptor James Earle Fraser, entered the contest. She had previously designed the George Washington Bicentennial medal. Her design for the quarter won unanimous approval from the Commission of Fine Arts. However, despite this recognition, the U.S. Treasury chose not to use her design.
The Washington Quarter Design We Know
If you’re an American, you’re probably familiar with the design of the Washington Quarter. The obverse of the coin features George Washington’s face, turned to the left, with his hair tied in a queue. Above his head is the word “LIBERTY,” and to the left, you’ll see “IN GOD WE TRUST.” Below Washington’s neck is the date.
The reverse side of the quarter originally featured a heraldic eagle, wings spread, standing on a branch. Above the eagle are the words “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,” and below are “QUARTER DOLLAR.” The motto “E PLURIBUS UNUM” (meaning “Out of many, one”) is written just above the eagle’s head.
The Role of Andrew Mellon in the Coin’s Design
So, how did John Flanagan’s design of the Washington Quarter end up being chosen over Fraser’s, despite the Commission’s recommendation? The answer lies with Andrew Mellon, the Treasury Secretary at the time. Mellon had a preference for Flanagan’s design and used his influence to ensure it was selected. Even after Mellon left the Treasury, the new Treasury Secretary, Ogden Mills, stuck with his choice.
Flanagan’s design was more practical for minting, as its low-relief surface allowed for easier production with a single strike. However, this low-relief also caused some issues—on some 1934 quarters, the motto “IN GOD WE TRUST” became difficult to read, even on uncirculated coins. Adjustments were made in later years to correct these problems.
The Washington Quarter’s Legacy
Over time, Washington’s face remained a constant feature on the quarter, although the reverse design changed. Since 1999, the eagle has been replaced by different designs representing each of the 50 U.S. states, followed by territories and national parks. Despite these changes, the Washington Quarter has continued to be hugely popular.
Over the years, four different mints have produced this coin: Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco, and West Point. To date, more than 21 billion Washington Quarters have been produced for regular circulation, along with over 60 million proof coins for collectors.
One notable version of the quarter was minted between 1975 and 1976, featuring a special “Drummer Boy” design on the reverse. This design, created by Jack Ahrs, was made in honor of the United States Bicentennial celebration.
Collecting the Washington Quarter
For coin collectors, the Washington Quarter offers many opportunities due to the sheer number of variations and mintings. Collectors can find quarters from different mints, years, and special editions. Some of the most sought-after versions are those with mint errors, such as the ones produced in 1934 where the motto is barely visible.
Year | Mint | Notable Feature |
---|---|---|
1932 | Philadelphia | First Washington Quarter |
1934 | Denver | Hard-to-read motto “IN GOD WE TRUST” |
1975-1976 | All Mints | Special Bicentennial “Drummer Boy” design |
Mint | City | Coins Produced (Millions) |
---|---|---|
Philadelphia | Philadelphia, PA | 10,700+ |
Denver | Denver, CO | 8,000+ |
San Francisco | San Francisco, CA | 1,500+ |
West Point | West Point, NY | 1,000+ |
Conclusion
The George Washington Quarter Dollar holds a special place in American history and coin collecting. Its design, chosen amidst competition and controversy, has lasted for nearly a century. Though it has evolved over time, with new reverse designs and minting improvements, Washington’s face has remained a constant on the quarter. This coin continues to be collected and treasured by enthusiasts and everyday people alike, reminding us that even small changes can carry significant history.
FAQ’s
Why did the Treasury choose John Flanagan’s design?
Andrew Mellon, the Treasury Secretary, preferred Flanagan’s design and used his influence to ensure it was chosen.
Who designed the “Drummer Boy” version of the Washington Quarter?
The special Bicentennial “Drummer Boy” design was created by Jack Ahrs for the 1976 quarter.
What is a proof coin?
A proof coin is a high-quality coin made specifically for collectors. It has extra sharp details and a shiny finish.
How many Washington Quarters have been minted?
Over 21 billion Washington Quarters have been minted for circulation, plus more than 60 million proof coins.
What is the value of a 1934 Washington Quarter?
Depending on its condition, a 1934 Washington Quarter can be worth anywhere from a few dollars to hundreds if it has a visible mint error.